"crop circles"

Circles crop (from English: Crop circles) is a regular pattern that forms mysteriously in the area of crop fields, often overnight. This phenomenon was first discovered in Britain in late 1970, with a simple circle patterns. In the days afterwards, those patterns are likely to grow complex and not confined to just a circle. However, because the reference to its origins, the term of this crop circle is maintained. Those who study crop circle phenomenon is often referred to by the term "cerealogis", and the study of this phenomenon called cereolog. The Cerealogis then developed a new term for this phenomenon, namely agriglif. The phenomenon of "crop circles" are often linked with issues of Strange Flying Objects (BETA) or UFOs, or even extraterrestrials.


Phenomenon in Indonesia

 On Sunday, January 23, 2011 at 17:00 pm, the Police of the Republic of Indonesia in the sector Berbah, Yogyakarta confirm the emergence of a mysterious symbol diameter of 60 meters with suspected links to the issue of BETA or aliens, known as crop circles or crop circles in the area of rice fields Mount Suru, Jogotirto, Berbah, in Sleman. The police who investigate suspected that crop circle was made on Saturday night before, and has captured these rare photos as documentation. Circles in crop fields, which is believed to be the event that the first crop circle phenomenon in Indonesia and later attended the residents crowded around the scene. The local people believe the symbol is the symbol of BETA aircraft landing from another planet. In addition to testimony about alien aircraft [2], there are many testimonies from people around about the causes of the phenomenon, such as SUTET (Channel High Voltage) of PLN, as well as a tornado looks up and down the field and to establish a mysterious symbol. The emergence of crop circles in Berbah is then followed by several similar phenomenon, still in the vicinity of Yogyakarta, the second is confirmed in the hamlet Wanujoyo, Srimartani, Bantul, Bantul on 25 January 2011, and in Hamlet Kumbangan, Banyusari Village, District Tegalrejo, Magelang date January 30, 2011. The second pattern of the next crop circles are not as complicated nor confirmed by his predecessor in Berbah. After the emergence of the first crop circle in Sleman, a student of University of Gajah Mada (UGM) in Yogyakarta claimed that he and six friends of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science Agriculture UGM is a crop circle maker actors in Sleman. Recognition studentmagz.com appears on the website on January 25, 2011. Recognition can not be confirmable by the police in Yogyakarta.

Responses scientists

  Astronomers from the National Aeronautics and Space Institute (LAPAN) Thomas Djamaluddin, said that the crop circles are not caused by a UFO, but a man-made. According to Thomas, the same phenomenon in many other countries prove that crop circles are man-made engineering whose goal can be as a work of art, commercial, creative or just a joke. Although the crop circle patterns described sometimes seem complicated and difficult, many people who make crop circles in various other countries. [10] The researchers confirmed that LAPAN LAPAN itself still will not send a team to investigate the crop circle phenomenon that occurs in Sleman and other areas because of certainty that the crop circles are man-made phenomenon and not a space.

"crop circles"

Lingkaran tanaman (dari bahasa Inggris:Crop circles) adalah suatu pola teratur yang terbentuk secara misterius di area ladang tanaman, seringkali hanya dalam waktu semalam. Fenomena ini pertama kali ditemukan di Inggris pada akhir 1970, dengan bentuk pola-pola lingkaran sederhana. Pada masa-masa setelahnya, pola-pola tersebut kini cenderung bertambah rumit dan tidak terbatas hanya pada hanya bentuk lingkaran. Namun karena mengacu pada asal-usulnya, maka istilah lingkaran tanaman ini masih dipertahankan.
Mereka yang mempelajari fenomena lingkaran tanaman ini sering disebut juga dengan istilah "cerealogis", dan ilmu yang mempelajari fenomena ini disebut dengan cereolog. Para Cerealogis kemudian mengembangkan istilah baru untuk fenomena ini, yaitu agriglif.
Fenomena "lingkaran tanaman" seringkali dikait-kaitkan dengan isu Benda Terbang Aneh (BETA) atau UFO, atau juga makhluk luar angkasa.



Fenomena di Indonesia

 Pada hari Minggu tanggal 23 Januari 2011 pukul 17.00 WIB, pihak Kepolisian Republik Indonesia di sektor Berbah, Yogyakarta mengonfirmasi munculnya lambang misterius berdiameter 60 meter yang dicurigai terkait dengan isu BETA atau makhluk luar angkasa yang dikenal dengan sebutan lingkaran tanaman atau crop circle di daerah persawahan di Gunung Suru, Jogotirto, Berbah, di Sleman. Pihak kepolisian yang menyelidiki menduga bahwa lingkaran tanaman tersebut dibuat pada hari Sabtu malam sebelumnya, dan telah mengabadikan foto langka tersebut sebagai dokumentasi. Lingkaran tanaman di ladang tersebut diyakini sebagai kejadian fenomena lingkaran tanaman yang pertama di Indonesia dan kemudian ramai disaksikan para warga sekitar tempat kejadian tersebut. Para warga sekitar meyakini lambang tersebut adalah simbol pendaratan pesawat BETA dari planet lain.  Selain kesaksian tentang pesawat makhluk asing ^[2], terdapat berbagai kesaksian dari warga sekitar tentang penyebab fenomena tersebut, seperti SUTET (Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi) milik PLN, maupun sebuah angin puting beliung terlihat naik turun di ladang tersebut dan membentuk lambang misterius tersebut.
Peristiwa munculnya lingkaran tanaman di Berbah tersebut kemudian diikuti beberapa fenomena serupa, masih di sekitar daerah Yogyakarta, yang kedua dikonfirmasi adalah di Dusun Wanujoyo, Srimartani, Bantul, Bantul tanggal 25 Januari 2011 , dan di Dusun Kumbangan, Desa Banyusari, Kecamatan Tegalrejo, Magelang tanggal 30 Januari 2011.  Pola kedua lingkaran tanaman yang selanjutnya tersebut dikonfirmasi tidak serumit maupun sebesar pendahulunya di Berbah.
Setelah munculnya lingkaran tanaman pertama di Sleman, seorang mahasiswa Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta mengaku bahwa dia dan enam temannya dari Fakultas MIPA dan Ilmu Pertanian UGM adalah pelaku pembuat lingkaran tanaman di Sleman. Pengakuan tersebut muncul lewat situs studentmagz.com pada tanggal 25 Januari 2011. Pengakuan tersebut belum dapat dikonfirmasi kebenarannya oleh pihak kepolisian Yogyakarta.


Tanggapan ilmuwan

  Astronom Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN) Thomas Djamaluddin, mengatakan bahwa lingkaran tanaman tidak disebabkan UFO, melainkan buatan manusia. Menurut Thomas, Fenomena yang sama di banyak negara lain membuktikan bahwa lingkaran tanaman adalah rekayasa buatan yang tujuannya dapat sebagai karya seni, komersial, maupun hanya lelucon kreatif. Meski pola yang digambarkan lingkaran tanaman terkadang terlihat rumit dan susah, banyak orang yang membuat lingkaran tanaman di berbagai negara-negara lain. ^[10]
Para peneliti LAPAN sendiri mengkonfirmasi bahwa LAPAN tetap tidak akan mengirim tim untuk menyelidiki fenomena lingkaran tanaman yang terjadi di Sleman maupun daerah lainnya karena pasti bahwa lingkaran tanaman tersebut adalah buatan manusia dan bukan fenomena antariksa.

Respiratory System : "oxygen delivery system"

    The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
    The respiratory system does this through breathing. when we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. this exchange of gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen to the blood.

    Respiration is achieved though the mouth,nose,trachea,lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.
The oxygen then passes througs the larynx ( where speech sounds are produced ) and the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity.
    In the trachea spilts into two smaller tubes called the bronchi .Each brounchus then divides agains forming the bronchial tubes .
    The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alvaoli .
    The averege adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these spongy,air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries .
    The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. meanwhile, the wasre-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide the same path out of the whe you exhale.

  The diaphrgram's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. the diapraghram is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. as the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place.
  when the diaphgram contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. when the diaphgram relaxe, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs. 

article

Artikel Adverbial Clause

Pesticide Environmental Damage

During this time, we know that pesticides are very useful in helping farmers take care of his farm. Pesticides can prevent agricultural land from pest attack. This means that if farmers use pesticides, their agricultural products will increase and will make the lives of the farmers become more prosperous. With this understanding, the pesticide had been used in almost every agricultural land.

But, behind the benefits are great, the researchers finally realized that the pesticide has a considerable impact adversely on their use. After investigation, pesticides can damage aquatic ecosystems around the farm. Why is that? If pesticides are used, will produce the remnants of water containing pesticides. water containing these pesticides would flow through a river or stream irrigation and to cultivate algae in the waters of the river or irrigation was empty.

while that with the proliferation of algae, sunlight can cause hard to masu into the lake. This resulted in the animals or phytoplankton are not getting light. If phytoplankton is not getting light, it will not be able to photosynthesize and can no longer produce food for the animals water.

Besides damaging the ecosystem, pesticides also can damage the health especially the health of farmers. while that with frequent use of pesticides, the skin contact with pesticides will also be more frequent and can causeskin irritation . Or if the pesticide by inhalation and into the lungs, can interfere with respiratory health.

With the adverse effects of pesticides, more farmers are encouraged to use organic farming systems that do not use chemicals at all. But the farm with this method also has the risk that is susceptible to be attacked by pests. But the results of this farm very healthy and will not harm our health.

Other studies also mentioned that the risk of cancer in people who smoke JV caused by pesticide use at the time of planting tobacco. If we compare those ancient times, although they were smokers, but they remain healthy and do not have cancer. This possibility has not been caused due to ancient times when the use of pesticides to plant tobacco.

Therefore, farmers should not be too much use of pesticides and organic farming. Organic farming is very useful and has no harmful side effects to environment and body

adverbal clauses

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time                                                                                                                   

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:

·                                 Shut the door before you go out.

·                                 You may begin when(ever) you are ready.

·                                 While he was walking home, he saw an accident.

·                                 By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.

·                                 No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

·                                 They sat down wherever they could find empty seats

·                                 The guard stood where he was positioned.

·                                 Where there is a will, there is a way.

·                                 Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

·                                 Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:

·                                 As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.

·                                 Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.

·                                 Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.

·                                 He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

·                                 He did as I told him.

·                                 You may finish it how you like.

·                                 They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:

·                                 They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.

·                                 She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

·                                 He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.

·                                 I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

·                                 Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.

·                                 It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.

·                                 The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.

·                                 The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Contoh:

·                                 The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.

·                                 I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Contoh:

·                                 He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.

·                                 The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:

·                                 It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.

·                                 It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Contoh:

·                                 She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.

·                                 They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.

·                                 Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.

·                                 This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

---

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1.       Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll

Contoh:

·                                 Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)

·                                 Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)

·                                 Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2.       Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as

Contoh:

·                                 Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

·                                 Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.

·                                 As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.

·                                 Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3.       Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh:

·                                 Alex failed the test because he didn't study.

·                                 Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.

·                                 Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

---

Catatan:

---

Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

1)      Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:

a.       ADVERB CLAUSE      : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

b.       MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2)      Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:

a.       ADVERB CLAUSE      : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

b.       MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverbClause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.

Contoh:

1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

·                                 While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.

·                                 While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.

·                                 Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

·                                 While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.

·                                 While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:

·                                 If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.

·                                 She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.

·                                 Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.

·                                 In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.

·                                 The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.

·                                 We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

Adverbial clause

An adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains subject (explicit or implied) and predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In those functions they are like adverbial phrases, but in their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended.
• We left after the end of the speeches.

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Kinds of adverbial clauses

kind of clause	usual conjunction	function	example
time clauses	when, before, after, since, while, as, until	These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.	Her father died when she was young.
conditional clauses	if, unless	These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.	If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
purpose clauses	in order to, so that, in order that	These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.	They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
reason clauses	because, since, as	These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.	I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
result clauses	so that	These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.	My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
concessive clauses	although, though, while	These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.	I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now.
place clauses	where, wherever	These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.	He said he was happy where he was.
clauses of manner	as, like, the way	These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.	I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.

(Sinclair, 1990)

References

• Greenbaum, Sidney & Quirk, Randolph. A Student's Grammar of the English Language. Hong Kong: Longman Group (FE) Ltd, 1990.
• Sinclair, John (editor-in-chief). Collins Cobuild English Grammar. London and Glasgow: William Collins Sons & Co ltd, 1990.

See also

• phrase structure rules
• transformational-generative grammar
• structural linguistics
• semantics

This syntax-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.