Majapahit was a kingdom in Indonesia that once stood from about 1293 to 1500 AD This kingdom reached the top of glory and becoming great empire that controls a wide area during the reign of Hayam Wuruk, who ruled from 1350 until 1389. Kingdom of Majapahit was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that controls the archipelago and is considered as one of the greatest country in the history of Indonesia. Its power lies in Java, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Indonesia to the east, although it is disputed territory.
There is little physical evidence remains of Majapahit, and its history is unclear. The main sources used by historians is Pararaton ('The Book of Kings') in Kawi language and Nagarakretagama in Old Javanese. Pararaton particularly telling Ken Arok (founder of the Kingdom Singhasari) but also contains some short sections on the formation of Majapahit. Meanwhile, Nagarakertagama a poem written in Old Javanese Majapahit golden age under the reign of Hayam Wuruk. After that time, the thing that happens is not clear. In addition, there are some inscriptions in Old Javanese language and the history of China and other countries. The accuracy of all Java-language manuscript is disputed. There is no denying that the resources it contains elements of non-historical and mythical.Some scholars like C.C. Berg considers all manuscripts are not records of the past, but it has a supernatural meaning in this case to know the future. However, many scholars who argue that the outline of these sources can be accepted as consistent with historical records of China, especially the list of rulers and the state of the kingdom that looks pretty certain.
Before the founding of Majapahit, Singhasari has become the most powerful kingdom in Java. This is a concern Kublai Khan, ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He sent a messenger named Meng Chi to Singhasari who demanded tribute. Kertanagara, the last ruler of the kingdom Singhasari refused to pay tribute and embarrass messenger with damage to his face and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan was angry and then dispatch a large expedition to Java in 1293. At that time, Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, was killed Kertanagara. On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara law, who came to surrender. Raden Wijaya then given Pull forest. He opened the forest and build a new village. The village was named Majapahit, whose name is taken from maja fruit, and a sense of "bitterness" of the fruit. When the Mongols arrived, Wijaya allied with the Mongolian army to fight against Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya turns against ally Mongolnya thus forcing them pull back its troops home as chaotic as they are in foreign territory. It was also their last chance to catch the monsoon winds for to go home, or they should be forced to wait six more months on a foreign island. The exact date is used as date of birth is a day of Majapahit kingdom coronation as king of Raden Wijaya, the 15th of the month Kartika Saka 1215 to coincide with the date of 10 November 1293. He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The kingdom was facing problems.Some people trusted Katarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, although the rebellion was not successful.Slamet Muljana suspect that Mahapatih Halayudha who conspiring to overthrow the king trusted everybody, so he can reach the highest positions in government. But after the death of the last rebels (Kuti), Halayudha arrested and jailed, and then sentenced to death. Wijaya died in 1309. Son and successor Wijaya, Jayanegara, Pararaton Gemet called Kala, meaning "weak villain". Approximately at some time in the next administration Jayanegara, an Italian priest, Odorico da Pordenone visited the kingdom of Majapahit in Java. In 1328, Jayanegara killed by tabibnya, Tanca. His stepmother is Gayatri Rajapatni should replace him, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become nuns.Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoint his daughter to become queen of Majapahit. In 1336, Gajah Mada Tribhuwana appointed as Mahapatih, at the inauguration of Gajah Mada Palapa Oath say that shows his plan to expand power and build an empire of Majapahit. During the reign Tribhuwana, Majapahit kingdom developed into larger and more famous in the islands of the archipelago. Tribhuwana Majapahit ruled until her death in 1350. He continued by his son, Hayam Wuruk.
There is little physical evidence remains of Majapahit, and its history is unclear. The main sources used by historians is Pararaton ('The Book of Kings') in Kawi language and Nagarakretagama in Old Javanese. Pararaton particularly telling Ken Arok (founder of the Kingdom Singhasari) but also contains some short sections on the formation of Majapahit. Meanwhile, Nagarakertagama a poem written in Old Javanese Majapahit golden age under the reign of Hayam Wuruk. After that time, the thing that happens is not clear. In addition, there are some inscriptions in Old Javanese language and the history of China and other countries. The accuracy of all Java-language manuscript is disputed. There is no denying that the resources it contains elements of non-historical and mythical.Some scholars like C.C. Berg considers all manuscripts are not records of the past, but it has a supernatural meaning in this case to know the future. However, many scholars who argue that the outline of these sources can be accepted as consistent with historical records of China, especially the list of rulers and the state of the kingdom that looks pretty certain.
Before the founding of Majapahit, Singhasari has become the most powerful kingdom in Java. This is a concern Kublai Khan, ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He sent a messenger named Meng Chi to Singhasari who demanded tribute. Kertanagara, the last ruler of the kingdom Singhasari refused to pay tribute and embarrass messenger with damage to his face and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan was angry and then dispatch a large expedition to Java in 1293. At that time, Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, was killed Kertanagara. On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara law, who came to surrender. Raden Wijaya then given Pull forest. He opened the forest and build a new village. The village was named Majapahit, whose name is taken from maja fruit, and a sense of "bitterness" of the fruit. When the Mongols arrived, Wijaya allied with the Mongolian army to fight against Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya turns against ally Mongolnya thus forcing them pull back its troops home as chaotic as they are in foreign territory. It was also their last chance to catch the monsoon winds for to go home, or they should be forced to wait six more months on a foreign island. The exact date is used as date of birth is a day of Majapahit kingdom coronation as king of Raden Wijaya, the 15th of the month Kartika Saka 1215 to coincide with the date of 10 November 1293. He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The kingdom was facing problems.Some people trusted Katarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, although the rebellion was not successful.Slamet Muljana suspect that Mahapatih Halayudha who conspiring to overthrow the king trusted everybody, so he can reach the highest positions in government. But after the death of the last rebels (Kuti), Halayudha arrested and jailed, and then sentenced to death. Wijaya died in 1309. Son and successor Wijaya, Jayanegara, Pararaton Gemet called Kala, meaning "weak villain". Approximately at some time in the next administration Jayanegara, an Italian priest, Odorico da Pordenone visited the kingdom of Majapahit in Java. In 1328, Jayanegara killed by tabibnya, Tanca. His stepmother is Gayatri Rajapatni should replace him, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become nuns.Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoint his daughter to become queen of Majapahit. In 1336, Gajah Mada Tribhuwana appointed as Mahapatih, at the inauguration of Gajah Mada Palapa Oath say that shows his plan to expand power and build an empire of Majapahit. During the reign Tribhuwana, Majapahit kingdom developed into larger and more famous in the islands of the archipelago. Tribhuwana Majapahit ruled until her death in 1350. He continued by his son, Hayam Wuruk.
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